Load Types & Phase Shift
LV-3P-4WConcept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.
Load Type:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current
5A @ 0°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
CT Wiring Error
LV-3P-4WIssue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle of that phase by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.
Phase B Wiring:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
C: 5A @ -7°
Voltage Phase Swap
LV-3P-4WIssue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.
Voltage Phase Sequence:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V @ 0°
B: 230V @ 240°
C: 230V @ 120°
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -127°
C: 5A @ 113°
Solar Generation
LV-3P-4WConcept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
C: 5A @ -7°
Load Types & Phase Shift
HV-3P-4WConcept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.
Load Type:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 63.5V
B: 63.5V
C: 63.5V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 1A @ -7°
B: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
CT Wiring Error
HV-3P-4WIssue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.
Phase B Wiring:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 63.5V
B: 63.5V
C: 63.5V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 1A @ -7°
B: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Voltage Phase Swap
HV-3P-4WIssue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.
Voltage Phase Sequence:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 63.5V
B: 63.5V
C: 63.5V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 1A @ -7°
B: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Solar Generation
HV-3P-4WConcept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 63.5V
B: 63.5V
C: 63.5V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 1A @ -7°
B: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Load Types & Phase Shift
HV-3P-3WConcept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.
Load Type:
Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A-B: 110V
C-B: 110V
Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
CT Wiring Error
HV-3P-3WIssue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed A-B Phase wiring.
Phase A-B Wiring:
Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A-B: 110V
C-B: 110V
Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Voltage Phase Swap
HV-3P-3WIssue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.
Voltage Phase Sequence:
Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A-B: 110V @ 330°
C-B: 110V @ 270°
Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Solar Generation
HV-3P-3WConcept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A-B: 110V
C-B: 110V
Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)
A: 1A @ -7°
C: 1A @ -7°
Load Types & Phase Shift
LV-1P-2WConcept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.
Load Type:
Voltage (1-Phase)
A: 230V
Current (1-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
CT Wiring Error
LV-1P-2WIssue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase A wiring.
Phase A Wiring:
Voltage (1-Phase)
A: 230V
Current (1-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
Voltage Issue
LV-1P-2WIssue: Single phase voltage imbalance or quality example.
Voltage Condition:
Voltage (1-Phase)
A: 230V
Current (1-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
Solar Generation
LV-1P-2WConcept: When solar panels generate power on a single phase, the current phase angle reverses by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated current leads the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a single-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (1-Phase)
A: 230V
Current (1-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
Load Types & Phase Shift
Split Phase 2P-3WConcept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current in a split-phase system. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system, with the two phases operating 180° apart.
Load Type:
Voltage (Split Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
Current (Split Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
CT Wiring Error
Split Phase 2P-3WIssue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.
Phase B Wiring:
Voltage (Split Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
Current (Split Phase)
A: 5A @ -3°
B: 5A @ -12°
Voltage Phase Swap
Split Phase 2P-3WIssue: Split phase voltage phase reversal example.
Voltage Phase Sequence:
Voltage (Split Phase)
A: 230V @ 0°
B: 230V @ 180°
Current (Split Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
Solar Generation
Split Phase 2P-3WConcept: When solar panels generate power on split phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a split-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (Split Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
Current (Split Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°