Example 1: Load Types & Phase Shift
Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.
Load Type:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current
5A @ 0°
Phase Angle
0°
Power Factor
1.00
Real Power
1150W
Apparent Power
1150VA
Reactive Power
0VAR
Example 2: CT Wiring Error
Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle of that phase by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.
Phase B Wiring:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
C: 5A @ -7°
Example 3: Voltage Phase Swap
Issue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.
Voltage Phase Sequence:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V @ 0°
B: 230V @ 240°
C: 230V @ 120°
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -127°
C: 5A @ 113°
Example 4: Solar Generation
Concept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.
Power Mode:
Voltage (3-Phase)
A: 230V
B: 230V
C: 230V
Current (3-Phase)
A: 5A @ -7°
B: 5A @ -7°
C: 5A @ -7°