Load Types & Phase Shift

LV-3P-4W

Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.

Load Type:

1

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

C: 230V

Current

5A @ 0°

Phase Angle

Power Factor

1.00

Real Power

1150W

Apparent Power

1150VA

Reactive Power

0VAR

CT Wiring Error

LV-3P-4W

Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle of that phase by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.

Phase B Wiring:

2

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

C: 230V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -7°

C: 5A @ -7°

Voltage Phase Swap

LV-3P-4W

Issue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.

Voltage Phase Sequence:

3

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 230V @ 0°

B: 230V @ 240°

C: 230V @ 120°

Current (3-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -127°

C: 5A @ 113°

Solar Generation

LV-3P-4W

Concept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.

Power Mode:

4

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

C: 230V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -7°

C: 5A @ -7°

Load Types & Phase Shift

HV-3P-4W

Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.

Load Type:

5

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 63.5V

B: 63.5V

C: 63.5V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 1A @ -7°

B: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Phase Angle

Power Factor

1.00

Real Power

1150W

Apparent Power

1150VA

Reactive Power

0VAR

CT Wiring Error

HV-3P-4W

Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.

Phase B Wiring:

6

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 63.5V

B: 63.5V

C: 63.5V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 1A @ -7°

B: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Voltage Phase Swap

HV-3P-4W

Issue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.

Voltage Phase Sequence:

7

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 63.5V

B: 63.5V

C: 63.5V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 1A @ -7°

B: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Solar Generation

HV-3P-4W

Concept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.

Power Mode:

8

Voltage (3-Phase)

A: 63.5V

B: 63.5V

C: 63.5V

Current (3-Phase)

A: 1A @ -7°

B: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Load Types & Phase Shift

HV-3P-3W

Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.

Load Type:

9

Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A-B: 110V

C-B: 110V

Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Phase Angle

Power Factor

1.00

Real Power

1150W

Apparent Power

1150VA

Reactive Power

0VAR

CT Wiring Error

HV-3P-3W

Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed A-B Phase wiring.

Phase A-B Wiring:

10

Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A-B: 110V

C-B: 110V

Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Voltage Phase Swap

HV-3P-3W

Issue: If voltage phases B and C are swapped at the meter connection, the voltage sequence becomes reversed while currents remain correct. This creates a phase mismatch visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and swapped voltage phases.

Voltage Phase Sequence:

11

Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A-B: 110V @ 330°

C-B: 110V @ 270°

Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Solar Generation

HV-3P-3W

Concept: When solar panels generate power on all three phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a 3-phase system.

Power Mode:

12

Voltage (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A-B: 110V

C-B: 110V

Current (3-Phase 3-Wire)

A: 1A @ -7°

C: 1A @ -7°

Load Types & Phase Shift

LV-1P-2W

Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system.

Load Type:

13

Voltage (1-Phase)

A: 230V

Current (1-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

Phase Angle

Power Factor

1.00

Real Power

1150W

Apparent Power

1150VA

Reactive Power

0VAR

CT Wiring Error

LV-1P-2W

Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase A wiring.

Phase A Wiring:

14

Voltage (1-Phase)

A: 230V

Current (1-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

Voltage Issue

LV-1P-2W

Issue: Single phase voltage imbalance or quality example.

Voltage Condition:

15

Voltage (1-Phase)

A: 230V

Current (1-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

Solar Generation

LV-1P-2W

Concept: When solar panels generate power on a single phase, the current phase angle reverses by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated current leads the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a single-phase system.

Power Mode:

16

Voltage (1-Phase)

A: 230V

Current (1-Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

Load Types & Phase Shift

Split Phase 2P-3W

Concept: Different load types change the phase relationship between voltage and current in a split-phase system. In this example, resistive loads are in phase (0°), while inductive and capacitive loads are shown lagging and leading by 30°, respectively. This illustrates how the power factor changes based on the type of equipment connected to the system, with the two phases operating 180° apart.

Load Type:

17

Voltage (Split Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

Current (Split Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -7°

Phase Angle

Power Factor

1.00

Real Power

1150W

Apparent Power

1150VA

Reactive Power

0VAR

CT Wiring Error

Split Phase 2P-3W

Issue: If a current transformer's S1 and S2 connections are reversed (crossed), it reverses the phase angle by 180°. This creates an immediate imbalance visible in the phasor diagram. Toggle to see the difference between correct and reversed Phase B wiring.

Phase B Wiring:

18

Voltage (Split Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

Current (Split Phase)

A: 5A @ -3°

B: 5A @ -12°

Voltage Phase Swap

Split Phase 2P-3W

Issue: Split phase voltage phase reversal example.

Voltage Phase Sequence:

19

Voltage (Split Phase)

A: 230V @ 0°

B: 230V @ 180°

Current (Split Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -7°

Solar Generation

Split Phase 2P-3W

Concept: When solar panels generate power on split phases, the current phase angles reverse by 180° compared to loads. Instead of lagging the voltage (negative angle), generated currents lead the voltage (positive angle). This shows the fundamental difference between consuming power and generating power in a split-phase system.

Power Mode:

20

Voltage (Split Phase)

A: 230V

B: 230V

Current (Split Phase)

A: 5A @ -7°

B: 5A @ -7°